Liability to change rapidly and unpredictably, especially for the worse — used of financial markets, political situations, prices, or emotions

Latin volatilis — flying, fleeting (volare = to fly)

Instability Fluctuation Turbulence Unpredictability
Stability Steadiness Predictability
"The US-Iran conflict increased oil price volatility, threatening India's fiscal calculations given its 85% crude import dependence."

Essential for economy answers on currency markets (rupee volatility), commodity prices (oil price volatility), capital flows (FII volatility), and political context (regime volatility in West Asia). Also used in context of climate — 'rainfall volatility under climate change'. More precise than 'instability' or 'changing prices' in formal answers.

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