The ability of a system, community, or individual to absorb shocks, recover quickly, and adapt positively to adversity

Latin resilire — to spring back

Robustness Adaptability Elasticity Durability
Fragility Vulnerability Brittleness
"India's infrastructure push under PM GatiShakti is designed to build economic resilience by reducing logistics costs and supply chain disruptions."

One of the most versatile UPSC words. Use it in environment (ecosystem resilience), economy (supply chain resilience), governance (institutional resilience), and disaster management answers. Replace weak phrases like 'ability to recover' with this single word.

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