Exemption from punishment or freedom from the injurious consequences of an action

Latin impunitas — in (not) + poena (punishment) + itas (state of)

Exemption Immunity Freedom from consequences Unaccountability
Accountability Liability Culpability
"Civil society groups argued that the Armed Forces Special Powers Act (AFSPA) grants security personnel virtual impunity from prosecution for actions taken in conflict zones."

Use in GS2 and GS4 (Ethics) answers on rule of law, accountability, AFSPA debates, and international humanitarian law. The phrase 'culture of impunity' signals failure of governance. Also relevant to ICC (International Criminal Court) and its inability to prosecute sitting heads of state.

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