Fair and impartial; characterised by giving each person what they are due based on their circumstances, not merely equal treatment for all

Latin aequitas (evenness, fairness) — aequus (level, equal)

Fair Just Impartial Proportionate
Inequitable Unfair Discriminatory Skewed
"The Finance Commission's devolution formula attempts to balance equitable distribution of resources between richer and poorer states through a criteria-based horizontal sharing mechanism."

Critical distinction for UPSC: 'equal' means giving everyone the same; 'equitable' means giving proportionately based on need. This distinction underlies reservation policy, progressive taxation, differentiated fiscal transfers to states, and the right to education. Mastering this distinction elevates essay and Mains answer quality significantly.

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