KMGBF

The Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework (KMGBF) is the central biodiversity instrument adopted by the Conference of the Parties to the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) at COP-15, held under Chinese presidency in Montreal, Canada from December 7-19, 2022. It replaces the Aichi Biodiversity Targets (2011-2020) and provides a global roadmap to halt and reverse biodiversity loss by 2030 and to live in harmony with nature by 2050. The framework rests on four long-term goals (A — protect ecosystems and species; B — sustainable use; C — fair and equitable benefit-sharing; D — means of implementation) and 23 action-oriented targets for 2030. The most cited is Target 3, the '30x30' goal of conserving 30% of terrestrial, inland water, coastal, and marine areas. Target 18 calls for phasing out at least US$500 billion per year of harmful subsidies; Target 19 mobilises US$200 billion per year for biodiversity, including US$30 billion in international flows to developing countries.

• 1 Adopted at CBD COP-15, December 7-19, 2022, Montreal, under Chinese presidency
• 2 4 long-term goals for 2050 and 23 action targets for 2030
• 3 Headline 30x30 target — protect 30% of land and ocean by 2030 (Target 3)
• 4 Target 18: phase out at least US$500 billion per year of harmful subsidies
• 5 Target 19: mobilise US$200 billion per year for biodiversity, of which US$30 billion to developing countries
• 6 Cali Fund for Digital Sequence Information (DSI) operationalised at COP-16 in Cali, Colombia (2024)
• 7 India submitted its updated NBSAP (2024-2030) at COP-16, aligning national targets with KMGBF

The International Day for Biological Diversity (May 22, 2026) was observed with the theme 'Harmony with nature and sustainable development', explicitly anchored in the KMGBF and India's updated NBSAP.