Current Affairs Quiz 10 June 2026

The careful distinctions matter for prelims. “Continuously elected” excludes Nehru’s pre-first-general-election period and Indira Gandhi’s non-continuous spells. Modi first took oath on May 26, 2014, and was re-elected in 2019 and 2024, giving an unbroken elected run.
The constitutional office of the PM rests on Article 74 (the Council of Ministers, headed by the PM, aids and advises the President, who acts on that advice), Article 75 (the PM is appointed by the President; the Council is collectively responsible to the Lok Sabha), and Article 78 (the PM’s duty to communicate the Council’s decisions to the President). The President appoints as PM the leader commanding the confidence of the Lok Sabha majority.

The right to travel abroad was read into Article 21 (“personal liberty”) in Satwant Singh Sawhney v. D. Ramarathnam (1967) and reinforced in Maneka Gandhi v. Union of India (1978), which required any procedure restricting liberty to be just, fair and reasonable. The right to a speedy trial was held to be a fundamental right under Article 21 in Hussainara Khatoon v. State of Bihar (1979).
The 2026 judgment (2026 INSC 628), by Justices Dipankar Datta and Satish Chandra Sharma, applies the doctrine of proportionality, balancing one Article 21 right against another. It illustrates the principle that fundamental rights are not absolute.
Notably, the passport was not impounded; only foreign travel without court permission was barred.

A fifth-generation fighter is defined by stealth, sensor fusion, supercruise and networked warfare. India had earlier joined a Russia-India joint fifth-generation programme (the FGFA, based on the Su-57) but exited it in 2018 over cost and technology-sharing concerns.
The competing Western offer is the US F-35. The Su-57 offer raises three issues: the IAF’s real squadron-strength and stealth gap; India’s strategic autonomy, balancing Russian platforms (the S-400, energy ties) against deepening US and Quad alignment; and the risk of US sanctions under CAATSA (the Countering America’s Adversaries Through Sanctions Act) for large Russian military purchases.
The “full source-code access” claim should be treated as a Russian offer, not a confirmed Indian acceptance.

AI data centres use high-density GPU computing that consumes large amounts of electricity and requires intensive cooling, often a major water user. Powering with renewables and cooling with desalinated seawater (rather than freshwater) reduces both footprints, with Meta covering the full energy and water cost.
This is Meta’s first built-to-suit data-centre capacity in India and builds on its 2020 investment in Jio Platforms and a 2025 joint venture using open-source Llama AI models. The project fits India’s wider AI push under the IndiaAI Mission (approved 2024, about Rs 10,371 crore), while data handling is framed by the DPDP Act, 2023.
It raises debate over digital sovereignty versus dependence on foreign Big Tech compute.

The K9 Vajra-T is a 155mm/52-calibre self-propelled tracked howitzer with a range of over 40 km. Its self-propelled, tracked design lets it fire and reposition quickly, an advantage over towed artillery, across terrain from desert to high altitude.
India first ordered 100 guns in 2017 (about Rs 4,500 crore, delivered by 2021) and 100 more in 2023. The new proposal serves two-front firepower needs: the desert sector facing Pakistan and the high-altitude theatres along the Line of Actual Control with China.
Building the guns in India through a private firm under licensed technology transfer advances Atmanirbhar Bharat and Make in India in defence, creating jobs and a domestic manufacturing base with export potential.

Electrification means shifting energy use from directly burning fossil fuels toward electricity, which can be generated cleanly, across transport (EVs), industry and buildings. When the electricity comes from renewables, electrifying these sectors cuts emissions sharply, so raising electricity’s share is a measurable decarbonisation lever.
The Bonn Climate Conference refers to the mid-year sessions of the UNFCCC subsidiary bodies, SBSTA (scientific and technological advice) and SBI (implementation); SB64 is their 64th sessions. COP31 will be held in November 2026 at Antalya, Turkey, co-hosted with Australia.
A key distinction is between the voluntary “action agenda” and the formally negotiated decisions requiring approval by all parties. For developing countries, electrification depends on finance and technology under the principle of Common But Differentiated Responsibilities (CBDR).

The Artemis programme is the NASA-led effort to return humans to the Moon and establish a sustainable presence, named after the Greek goddess of the Moon and twin of Apollo. The last crewed lunar landing was Apollo 17 in 1972.
India is a signatory to the Artemis Accords, having signed in June 2023, a US-led set of non-binding principles for the peaceful, transparent and cooperative exploration of space. The lunar landers (Human Landing Systems) for Artemis are being developed by SpaceX (Starship HLS) and Blue Origin (Blue Moon).
Luca Parmitano represents the European Space Agency (ESA), reflecting the international character of the mission. The programme is distinct from India’s own human-spaceflight programme, Gaganyaan, and from the Chandrayaan lunar series; Chandrayaan-3 made India the first country to land near the lunar south pole in 2023.
The renewed lunar effort marks a new phase of space exploration involving multiple nations and private firms, with the Moon increasingly seen as a stepping stone to Mars and a site of strategic and economic interest.

India’s major ports are governed by the Major Port Authorities Act, 2021, which replaced the older Major Port Trusts Act and gave port authorities greater financial and administrative autonomy. SMPA, on the Hooghly river in West Bengal, was renamed from Kolkata Port Trust in 2020.
A riverine port (located on a river rather than the coast) differs from coastal ports and faces challenges of silting and draft (depth) limits, which constrain the size of ships and is why deeper outer terminals are developed downstream. A TEU (Twenty-foot Equivalent Unit) is the standard measure of container-handling capacity.
The DBFOT (Design-Build-Finance-Operate-Transfer) model is a public-private partnership form in which a private concessionaire designs, builds, finances and operates the asset for a fixed concession period (here 30 years) before transferring it back to the public authority. Port-led development and port modernisation are promoted under the Sagarmala programme, part of the wider Maritime India Vision.
JSW Infrastructure received the Letter of Award for the project in early June 2026.

APEDA, under the Ministry of Commerce and Industry, promotes the export of scheduled agricultural and processed-food products. A Geographical Indication (GI) identifies goods originating from a specific place with qualities or a reputation due to that origin; GIs are protected under the Geographical Indications of Goods (Registration and Protection) Act, 1999 (in force from 2003), administered by the GI Registry at Chennai under the office of the Controller General of Patents, Designs and Trade Marks (DPIIT).
GI tags help raise farmer incomes and brand value and support agri-export diversification, especially from the North East. Note the difference between APEDA (exports), FSSAI (food safety standards), NABARD (rural/agri finance) and the FCI (foodgrain procurement).

Rural broadband is central to digital inclusion, e-governance, telemedicine, online education and the rural digital economy. The Centre’s flagship is BharatNet, the world’s largest rural-broadband programme, which aims to connect all gram panchayats with optical fibre; state projects like GANGA add a last-mile layer, taking connectivity from the panchayat to individual homes through a network of local Digital Service Providers.
The “digital divide” is the gap in access to and use of digital technology between groups, whether rural versus urban, rich versus poor, or along gender lines. By targeting roughly half its beneficiaries among women and creating local digital-entrepreneur jobs, GANGA links connectivity to empowerment and livelihoods.
Project GANGA stands for Government Assisted Network for Growth and Advancement and is implemented on a “no profit, no loss” basis. The model illustrates cooperative federalism and Centre-state complementarity in service delivery, with a state adding capacity and last-mile reach over a national backbone, accelerating the Digital India vision in rural areas that markets alone may underserve.

Australia was the first country to legislate an under-16 social-media ban (passed in 2024, taking effect from December 2025). The debate pits child online safety against free expression and privacy: effective age restrictions require robust age verification, which can compel intrusive identity checks that erode all users’ privacy.
For India, the relevant framework is the Digital Personal Data Protection (DPDP) Act, 2023, which requires verifiable parental consent for processing the data of those under 18 and bars targeted advertising to children, complemented by the IT Rules, 2021. India’s approach points to a more layered, proportionate model than a single blunt ban.
This is a live comparative-governance theme.

Bharathiraja (born 1941 in Theni district, Tamil Nadu) was awarded the Padma Shri in 2004, India’s fourth-highest civilian award (after the Bharat Ratna, Padma Vibhushan and Padma Bhushan). National Film Awards are India’s most prestigious state film honours, administered under the Ministry of Information and Broadcasting, now through the National Film Development Corporation (NFDC) after the merger of the Directorate of Film Festivals and other film bodies.
His debut, “16 Vayathinile” (1977), is considered a landmark for moving Tamil cinema out of studios and into real villages, pioneering on-location, realist rural storytelling. His work is significant in art-and-culture terms for reshaping Tamil cinema’s aesthetic toward realism and rural life and for influencing a generation of regional film-makers, illustrating the role of regional cinema in expressing local identity and social themes.
Persons-in-news and cultural figures are a recurring prelims category, usually paired with their landmark works, the art form they advanced, and the civilian or film awards they received, so the work-award-field triad is the high-yield revision unit.

The relevant cluster of PM-related Articles: Article 74 provides for a Council of Ministers, headed by the PM, to aid and advise the President, who acts on that advice; Article 75 covers the appointment of the PM and ministers and the principle of collective responsibility to the Lok Sabha; Article 78 sets out the PM’s duties to keep the President informed. (Article 72 deals separately with the President’s pardoning power.) Collective responsibility means the government as a whole is accountable to the popular House and must retain its confidence to remain in office. The President appoints as PM the leader who commands a Lok Sabha majority.

The UNFCCC (United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change, adopted at the 1992 Rio Earth Summit) is the parent treaty for global climate action; the Kyoto Protocol (1997) and the Paris Agreement (2015) were adopted under it. The Convention establishes two permanent subsidiary bodies: the SBSTA (Subsidiary Body for Scientific and Technological Advice), which advises on science, technology and methodology, and the SBI (Subsidiary Body for Implementation), which handles implementation, finance and review.
They meet mid-year in Bonn, Germany (the seat of the UNFCCC secretariat), to prepare the technical groundwork for the year-end Conference of the Parties (COP). Do not confuse them with the IPCC (the independent scientific assessment body), the GCF and GEF (climate-finance funds), the CDM (a Kyoto-era carbon-market mechanism), or the COP and CMA (the supreme decision-making bodies of the Convention and the Paris Agreement respectively).
COP31 will be held at Antalya, Turkey, in November 2026, co-hosted with Australia, where the voluntary “35 by 35” electrification target was previewed.