What is the budget allocation for the IndiaAI Mission approved in March 2024?
The IndiaAI Mission was approved with a budget of Rs 10,371.92 crore (commonly rounded to Rs 10,372 crore) in March 2024. MeitY is the nodal ministry. The mission has seven pillars including IndiaAI Compute (targeting 10,000+ GPUs; now scaled to 38,000 GPUs) and IndiaAI FutureSkills (training 1 million+ professionals).
💡 Concept Note
The IndiaAI Mission is India’s comprehensive national AI strategy — analogous to China’s New Generation AI Development Plan or the US CHIPS and Science Act. Sarvam AI is among the flagship beneficiaries. The seven pillars are: IndiaAI Compute Capacity, IndiaAI Innovation Centre (IAIC), IndiaAI Datasets Platform, IndiaAI Application Development Initiative, IndiaAI FutureSkills, IndiaAI Startup Financing, and Safe and Trusted AI.
Chandrayaan-4 aims to be India's first mission of which type?
Chandrayaan-4 is planned as India’s first lunar sample-return mission, targeting approximately 3 kg of regolith from near the Moon’s south pole. It will use a two-launch architecture — an ascent module and an orbiter return module.
💡 Concept Note
The SPADEX (Space Docking Experiment) mission launched in December 2024 is a prerequisite for Chandrayaan-4 — it demonstrates the rendezvous and docking capability needed for the ascent vehicle to transfer samples to the orbiting return module. Only USA (Apollo: 382 kg), USSR (Luna programme: ~300 g), and China (Chang’e 5 and 6) have achieved lunar sample-return to date.
The IFC-IOR (Information Fusion Centre – Indian Ocean Region) is located in which city?
The IFC-IOR is located at Gurugram, Haryana, co-located with the Information Management and Analysis Centre (IMAC). It was established on 22 December 2018. As part of the India-Greece defence agreement, Greece will position a Liaison Officer at IFC-IOR.
💡 Concept Note
IFC-IOR was established in December 2018 as an information hub for maritime domain awareness in the Indian Ocean Region. It collects, fuses, and shares maritime information among regional and international partners. The centre hosts International Liaison Officers (ILOs) from 15 partner nations including Australia, France, Japan, UK, USA, Maldives, and Sri Lanka, making it a key node in India’s maritime security architecture under the SAGAR doctrine.
The Prime Minister's National Relief Fund (PMNRF) was established in which year and by which Prime Minister?
PMNRF was established in January 1948 by Prime Minister Jawaharlal Nehru, originally to provide relief to Partition refugees displaced from Pakistan. It now covers natural calamities, major accidents, and medical treatment for serious illnesses.
💡 Concept Note
PM CARES Fund (public charitable trust, March 2020) was established separately for COVID-19 and future national emergencies. Unlike PMNRF, its RTI status is disputed and sub judice. The National Defence Fund (NDF), administered by an Executive Committee chaired by the PM, covers welfare for Armed Forces personnel. PMNRF is not constituted by Parliament and is recognised as a Trust under the Income Tax Act — donations are tax-deductible under Section 80G.
The Speaker is elected by members of Lok Sabha (Article 93). The Speaker’s removal requires effective majority (not just a simple majority of members present). No Lok Sabha Speaker has ever been successfully removed in India’s history. The Speaker’s role in the Tenth Schedule (anti-defection law) creates a constitutional concern of bias — addressed in Kihoto Hollohan v. Zachillhu (1992) and the Nabam Rebia case (2016).
India ranked at which position in the Network Readiness Index 2025 published by the Portulans Institute?
India ranked 45th (up 4 positions) out of 127 economies in NRI 2025 with a score of 54.43 (up from 53.63 in 2024). India ranked 1st globally on indicators such as annual investment in telecom services, AI scientific publications, and ICT services exports.
💡 Concept Note
The NRI 2025 theme was “AI Governance in a Global Context: Policy and Regulatory Approaches.” Global top 3: USA (79.13), Finland (75.82), Singapore (75.46). China ranked 24th. Portulans Institute (Washington DC) publishes this index annually — it measures countries across four pillars: Technology, People, Governance, and Impact, covering 53 indicators.
What percentage of India's national wool output does Rajasthan account for?
Rajasthan produced 16,013.50 thousand kg of wool in FY24 — approximately 47.5% of India’s total national wool output of 33.69 million kg. The state’s production is dominated by the indigenous Marwari and Chokla sheep breeds.
💡 Concept Note
India’s sheep population is approximately 74.26 million (20th Livestock Census). India ranks 9th in global wool production. Around 85% of India’s wool is carpet-grade (coarser variety), with only 5% apparel-grade. J&K is the second-largest wool producer and Karnataka the third. India is a net importer of fine merino wool from Australia for the textile industry.
The Asian Development Bank (ADB) approved USD 182 million for flood management in Assam extending protection along which river?
ADB approved USD 182 million for the Brahmaputra river flood and erosion management project in Assam, extending an existing USD 200 million project approved in October 2023. Combined investment: USD 382 million for 63.5 km of new riverbank protection works.
💡 Concept Note
The Brahmaputra carries approximately 725 million tonnes of sediment annually — among the highest globally. Assam accounts for about 10% of India’s total flood-affected area despite occupying only 1.9% of national geographic area. ADB is headquartered in Manila, Philippines with 68 member countries. India is ADB’s largest borrower historically.
The Constitution Bench judgment in 'State of Punjab v. Davinder Singh' (2024) relates to which aspect of reservation policy?
The 7-judge Constitution Bench judgment of August 1, 2024 in State of Punjab v. Davinder Singh allowed sub-classification within Scheduled Castes to ensure equitable distribution of reservation benefits among more and less socially advanced sub-groups within the SC category.
💡 Concept Note
This overruled EV Chinnaiah v. State of AP (2005) which had held that SCs form a homogeneous class that cannot be sub-classified. The 2024 judgment also opened debate on whether the creamy layer principle (applied to OBCs) should extend to SCs/STs. Relevant constitutional provisions: Articles 14 (equality), 15 (non-discrimination), 16 (equal opportunity), and 341 (President’s power to specify SCs).
India's commitment in the India-US trade pact of zero customs duties on digital transmissions represents a shift from India's earlier position at which global body?
India had previously opposed making the WTO moratorium on e-commerce customs duties permanent at WTO forums, along with South Africa and Indonesia. The India-US bilateral commitment to zero customs duties on digital transmissions represents a departure from that multilateral position.
💡 Concept Note
The WTO e-commerce moratorium (since 1998) prevents members from imposing customs duties on electronic transmissions. India argued it prevents developing nations from taxing digital trade and impedes revenue collection. India’s Equalisation Levy (6% on digital advertising since 2016; 2% on e-commerce operators 2020–25) was a US contention. The bilateral zero-tax commitment would likely require alignment or removal of these levies.