The Kimberley Process Certification Scheme (KPCS) was established to prevent trade in which commodity?
KPCS was initiated in 2000 by Southern African diamond-producing countries (formal operations began January 2003) to certify that rough diamonds are from conflict-free sources — preventing blood diamonds from financing civil wars as seen in Angola, Sierra Leone, and DRC in the 1990s. India assumed the 2026 chairmanship (its third time) with 60 participants across 86 countries.
💡 Concept Note
India processes approximately 90% of the world’s rough diamonds and accounts for 75% of global diamond turnover by value. Surat, Gujarat is the global diamond polishing capital. India’s only active diamond mine is the Majhgawan mine in Panna district, Madhya Pradesh, operated by NMDC. Every KPCS shipment of rough diamonds must be accompanied by a tamper-resistant KP certificate.
India's first Quantum Valley, inaugurated in February 2026, is located in which city and has a quantum computer of how many qubits?
India’s first Quantum Valley was inaugurated at Amaravati, Andhra Pradesh, with a 133-qubit IBM quantum computer (IBM Quantum System Two with a 133-qubit Heron processor) to be installed by July 2026. The 50-acre facility is being built in partnership with IBM, TCS, and L&T, with IBM providing the computer at no capital cost to the state government.
💡 Concept Note
India’s National Quantum Mission (NQM) was launched in April 2023 with Rs 6,003.65 crore outlay (2023-31), targeting 50-1,000 qubit systems within 8 years, quantum communication over 2,000 km, and satellite-based Quantum Key Distribution (QKD). The Amaravati Quantum Valley is envisioned as a global hub comparable to quantum centres in Boston, Singapore, and Shanghai.
Which country joined the Colombo Security Conclave (CSC) as its sixth member in February 2026?
Seychelles was inducted as the 6th member of the CSC at the 7th NSA-level meeting in New Delhi (November 2025), and this was highlighted during Seychelles President Herminie’s February 2026 India visit. Current members: India, Sri Lanka, Maldives, Mauritius, Bangladesh, Seychelles. Permanent Secretariat is in Colombo, Sri Lanka.
💡 Concept Note
SAGAR (Security and Growth for All in the Region) is India’s vision for the Indian Ocean, launched by PM Modi in 2015 during his Mauritius visit. India has built a coast guard facility on Assumption Island in Seychelles. CSC operates across 5 pillars: maritime security, counter-terrorism, anti-trafficking, cybersecurity, and HADR (Humanitarian Assistance and Disaster Relief).
India Semiconductor Mission (ISM 1.0) was launched in which year and carried what incentive outlay?
ISM 1.0 was launched in December 2021 with Rs 76,000 crore incentive outlay (up to 50% fiscal support for eligible units). Under it, 10 projects worth Rs 1.60 lakh crore were approved across 6 states. ISM 2.0 received Rs 1,000 crore in Budget 2026-27.
💡 Concept Note
Key ISM 1.0 facilities: Tata Electronics fab in Dholera, Gujarat (28nm node); Micron, CG Power, and Kaynes ATMP (Assembly, Testing, Marking and Packaging) units in Sanand, Gujarat. India’s semiconductor market is projected to reach USD 100-110 billion by 2030. ISM is implemented by India Semiconductor Mission under Digital India Corporation (MeitY).
INCOIS, which is the nodal agency for India's next-generation tsunami warning system, is headquartered in which city?
INCOIS (Indian National Centre for Ocean Information Services) is headquartered in Hyderabad. A Rs 300-crore Regional Service Centre (RSC) is planned at Vijaynagar, Swaraj Dweep (Havelock Island), Andaman and Nicobar Islands, with approximately 270 km of sub-sea cables to detect both seismic and non-seismic tsunamis.
💡 Concept Note
Non-seismic tsunamis are caused by underwater landslides or volcanic eruptions (not earthquakes) — current Indian systems only detect earthquake-triggered tsunamis. The 2004 Indian Ocean Tsunami (9.1 magnitude earthquake off Sumatra) killed approximately 2.27 lakh people globally, including around 12,000 in India’s Andaman and Nicobar Islands and Tamil Nadu.
In the Network Readiness Index 2025, India ranked 45th overall. In which specific category did India rank 1st globally?
India ranked 1st globally in AI publications, ICT services exports, and e-commerce legislation in NRI 2025, published by the Portulans Institute. India ranked 45th overall (up from 49th), with a score of 54.43, and 2nd among lower-middle-income countries (after Vietnam).
💡 Concept Note
NRI is published by the Portulans Institute and covers 127 economies across 4 pillars: Technology, People, Governance, and Impact. India’s strength in ICT services exports reflects its USD 200+ billion IT/BPM services industry. AI publications leadership reflects India’s growing research output from IITs, IISc, and private sector AI labs.
India ranked 2nd globally in LEED green building certifications in 2025. What does LEED stand for?
LEED = Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design. India ranked 2nd globally in 2025 (611 projects, 16.1 million sq m, up from 3rd in 2024). China ranked 1st. The rankings are published by USGBC (US Green Building Council) and GBCI (Green Business Certification Inc.).
💡 Concept Note
India’s green building market is driven by IT parks, commercial office buildings, and industrial warehousing. LEED certification reduces building energy consumption by 25-30% and water usage by 11% on average. India’s green building ambitions align with its target of achieving net-zero carbon emissions by 2070.
Two new polychaete (marine worm) species were discovered by ZSI in the Bay of Bengal in 2026. One species, Nereis dhritiae, was named after the first female Director of ZSI. Who is she?
Nereis dhritiae was named after Dhriti Banerjee, the first female Director of ZSI (Zoological Survey of India). The species was discovered in Digha and Bankiput, Purba Medinipur, West Bengal, belonging to family Nereididae (ragworms). Polychaetes are segmented marine worms important for sediment bioturbation and marine food chains.
💡 Concept Note
ZSI (headquartered in Kolkata) is India’s premier body for taxonomy and zoological surveys, established in 1916. It has documented hundreds of new species over the decades. The Bay of Bengal is a biodiversity hotspot with high marine endemism, making it a key area for faunal discovery surveys.
Which country saw its first female Prime Minister elected to power in February 2026?
Sanae Takaichi became Japan’s first female Prime Minister. Her Liberal Democratic Party (LDP) won 316 seats in the snap Lower House election held on February 8, 2026 — the largest share held by any single party in postwar Japan, surpassing the LDP’s own record of 300 seats won in 1986. The LDP-Nippon Ishin coalition secured 352 seats total (a super-majority).
💡 Concept Note
Japan’s lower house (House of Representatives) has 465 seats; absolute majority requires 233 seats. A two-thirds majority (310 seats) allows the coalition to override the upper house and propose constitutional amendments. LDP has dominated Japanese politics since its founding in 1955. India and Japan have a Special Strategic and Global Partnership; bilateral trade exceeds USD 20 billion.
India won its 3rd SAFF U-19 Women's Football Championship in February 2026. At which venue was the final played?
India won the 7th edition of the SAFF U-19 Women’s Football Championship, defeating Bangladesh 4-0 in the final at Pokhara Rangasala Stadium, Nepal (February 7, 2026). Goalscorers: Julan Nongmaithem (42’), Elizabed Lakra (63’ pen), Pearl Fernandes (68’), Anwita Raghuraman (83’). This was India’s 3rd title (previous: 2022, 2024).
💡 Concept Note
SAFF (South Asian Football Federation) organises the premier football tournament in South Asia. India notably sent its U-17 women’s team to participate in the U-19 championship to prepare for the AFC U-17 Women’s Asian Cup. The national team has been dominant in South Asian women’s football, and India has also qualified for the AFC Women’s Asian Cup in recent years.