🗞️ Why in News Chief Economic Adviser (CEA) V. Anantha Nageswaran tabled the Economic Survey 2025-26 in Parliament on January 30, 2026 — one day before the Union Budget 2026-27. The Survey documents India’s macroeconomic performance in FY26, identifies structural transformations underway, and sets the intellectual framework for the Budget. It is one of the most authoritative annual documents on India’s economy.
What the Economic Survey Is — Background
The Economic Survey is an annual report prepared by the Economic Division of the Ministry of Finance under the direction of the Chief Economic Adviser (CEA). It is typically presented to Parliament one day before the Union Budget.
History:
- First presented: 1950–51 as part of the Budget documents
- Separated from the Budget: 1964 — tabled independently the day before the Budget
- Structure: Usually two volumes — Volume I (thematic/analytical) + Volume II (statistical appendices)
Current CEA: V. Anantha Nageswaran (appointed January 2022) — his tenure has emphasised deregulation, private capital formation, services-led growth, and the need to address regulatory friction.
Why UPSC prioritises the Economic Survey:
- Authoritative data on GDP, inflation, trade, employment, and sectoral performance
- Sets the analytical framework used in GS3 Economy Mains answers
- Every chapter contains data that appears in Prelims MCQs
- Reflects government’s self-assessment — useful for understanding policy priorities
Chapter 1 — State of the Economy (Macro Overview)
GDP Growth
India maintained its position as the world’s fastest-growing major economy for the third consecutive year in FY26.
| Indicator | Value | Comparator |
|---|---|---|
| Real GDP growth FY26 | 7.4% (NSO First Advance Estimate) | China: ~5%; US: ~2.5%; EU: ~1.5% |
| Real GVA growth FY26 | 7.3% | — |
| FY27 GDP growth projection | 6.8–7.2% (Survey range) | IMF FY26–FY30 average: 6.5% |
| FY24 actual GDP growth | 8.2% | — |
| FY25 provisional growth | ~6.5% | — |
| Required for Viksit Bharat | 8%+ annually | Over next 2 decades |
| India GDP target (IMF) | USD 5 trillion | By FY28 |
| India GDP target (IMF) | USD 6.3 trillion | By FY30 |
Sectoral contribution to growth (FY25 reference):
- Agriculture: 3.8% growth (16% share of GDP; 46.1% employment)
- Industry & Manufacturing: 6.2% growth
- Services: 7.2% growth (55% of GDP; 30% of workforce)
Capital Expenditure CAGR: 38.8% (FY20–FY24) — the government’s sustained public investment in infrastructure is a primary driver of growth.
Macroeconomic Stability Indicators
| Indicator | Value | Notes |
|---|---|---|
| Forex Reserves | USD 701.4 billion | 11 months import cover (minimum standard: 3 months) |
| Current Account Deficit | ~1.3% of GDP | Sustainable level (<2% is healthy) |
| External debt | USD 711.8 billion | Forex reserves = ~90% of external debt |
| Gross GST Apr–Dec 2025 | Rs 17.4 lakh crore | +6.7% YoY |
| Rupee trend | Gradual depreciation (~0.5%/year) | Managed float regime |
| Money multiplier | 5.7 | Reflects credit creation |
Chapter 2 — Monetary and Financial Sector
Inflation: Historic Lows
| Indicator | Value | Period |
|---|---|---|
| CPI inflation Apr–Dec 2025 | 1.7% | Historic low in any comparable period |
| Food inflation FY25 | 8.4% | Primary driver of overall CPI |
| Core inflation | At 10-year low | Excluding food and fuel |
| RBI FY26 inflation target | 4.2% | Within 2–6% band |
Why inflation fell:
- Vegetable prices normalised (onions, tomatoes after 2024 spike)
- Global commodity prices moderated (Brent crude below USD 75/barrel)
- Good monsoon 2025 — above-normal rainfall improved kharif output
- RBI’s disinflationary monetary policy stance
Historical context: Global inflation peaked at 8.7% (2022) due to post-COVID supply chain disruptions and Russia-Ukraine war. India’s domestic inflation management is notable against this global backdrop.
Banking Sector Health
| Indicator | Value | Notes |
|---|---|---|
| Gross NPA (GNPA) of SCBs | 2.2% (Sept 2025) | vs 11.5% in 2017-18 — 12-year low |
| Net NPA | 0.5% | Negligible residual stress |
| Return on Assets (RoA) | 1.4% | Healthy profitability |
| Return on Equity (RoE) | 14.1% | (Sept 2024) |
| Credit growth | 14.5% YoY | (Dec 2025) — above nominal GDP |
| CRR (reduced to) | 4% | Liquidity injection: Rs 1.16 lakh crore |
| RBI Financial Inclusion Index | 64.2 (2024) | vs 53.9 in 2021 |
IBC’s role in NPA recovery: The Insolvency and Bankruptcy Code (IBC), 2016 enabled systematic resolution of stressed assets — recovering over Rs 3 lakh crore through CIRP (Corporate Insolvency Resolution Process) since 2017. This is the primary reason for the dramatic NPA reduction.
Capital markets performance:
- Primary market mobilisation (Apr–Dec 2024): Rs 11.1 lakh crore
- IPO fundraising (FY25): Rs 1.53 lakh crore — tripled from previous year
- NaBFID (National Bank for Financing Infrastructure and Development) loans sanctioned: Rs 1.3 lakh crore
Chapter 3 — External Sector
Exports — Services Lead the Way
| Category | Value | Growth |
|---|---|---|
| Total exports (goods + services) FY25 | USD 825.3 billion | +6.1% |
| Merchandise exports | USD 437.7 billion | +1.6% |
| Services exports | USD 387.6 billion | +13.6% (all-time high) |
| — IT/BPM services | ~USD 200 billion | India’s anchor export |
| India’s global services exports rank | 7th | 4.3% of global services exports |
Why services exports matter: India’s services exports growth (+13.6%) dramatically outpaces goods exports (+1.6%) — a structural strength driven by India’s English-speaking, technically trained graduate workforce. IT services have grown at a CAGR of 12.8% over FY13–FY23.
Remittances — World’s Largest Recipient
| Indicator | Value |
|---|---|
| Remittances FY25 | USD 135.4 billion (world’s largest) |
| Top source: UAE | 27% |
| Top source: USA | 23% |
| Saudi Arabia | 10% |
| United Kingdom | 8% |
| Top recipient states | UP, Kerala, Maharashtra, Tamil Nadu |
Remittances > FDI in India — a critical source of foreign exchange that also directly supports household consumption in sending states.
FDI and External Finance
| Indicator | Value |
|---|---|
| FDI (Apr–Nov 2025) | USD 64.7 billion |
| FDI growth | +17.9% YoY |
| India’s global FDI rank | Among top 5 globally |
Global disruptions context: Red Sea shipping crisis, Suez Canal disruptions, and Panama Canal drought in 2024-25 forced global shipping reroutes, raising freight costs by 200-400% for some routes — impacting India’s merchandise export competitiveness.
Chapter 4 — Agriculture and Food Management
Agriculture contributes 16% of GDP but employs 46.1% of the population — making productivity improvements central to rural income and food security.
| Indicator | Value |
|---|---|
| Agriculture growth FY25 | 3.8% |
| Agriculture CAGR FY17–FY23 | 5% (strong compared to historical trend) |
| Kharif foodgrain production 2025 | Record levels |
| Livestock growth CAGR | 12.99% |
| Fisheries production | 184 LMT |
| Net sown area irrigated | 55% |
| Farmland at severe drought risk | Two-thirds |
| Kisan Credit Cards (KCC) | 7.75 crore accounts |
| PM Fasal Bima Yojana enrolled farmers | 4 crore |
| e-NAM farmers linked | 1.78 crore |
| PMGKAY beneficiaries | 80 crore people |
| Food processing exports | USD 46.44 billion (FY24) |
| Food processing share of total exports | 11.7% |
Key MSP increases (FY25):
- Arhar (Tur Dal): +59%
- Bajra: +77% — reflecting the government’s effort to incentivise pulse and coarse grain production to address food inflation from supply shortfalls.
Challenges in agriculture:
- Two-thirds of India’s farmland faces severe drought risk (climate change vulnerability)
- Fragmented landholdings limit mechanisation
- Post-harvest losses estimated at 15–20% for fruits and vegetables
- Agricultural R&D spending needs increase for crop yield improvement
Chapter 5 — Industry and Manufacturing
| Indicator | Value |
|---|---|
| Industrial sector growth FY25 | 6.2% |
| Steel production growth (Apr–Nov FY25) | +3.3% |
| Electronics output | Rs 9.52 lakh crore |
| Smartphones manufactured domestically | 99% |
| India’s global patent filing rank (WIPO 2022) | 6th |
| Resident patent filings share | 55.2% (first time majority are domestic) |
| MSME employment | 23.24 crore people |
| Businesses formalised under Udyam Assist | 2.39 crore |
| R&D spending | 0.64% of GDP (critically low) |
PLI (Production Linked Incentive) Scheme Outcomes:
| Metric | Achievement |
|---|---|
| Investment mobilised | Rs 2.0 lakh crore |
| Production/Sales triggered | Rs 18.7 lakh crore |
| Direct employment generated | 12.6 lakh jobs |
| Key sectors | Mobile phones, pharmaceuticals, textiles, auto components, white goods |
MSME sector — 23.24 crore workers, contributing ~30% of GDP and ~50% of exports — is the backbone of India’s employment generation. Formalisation through Udyam Assist and credit access through MUDRA Yojana are key policy levers.
Chapter 6 — Services Sector
| Indicator | Value |
|---|---|
| Services GVA share | 55% (FY25) vs 50.6% (FY14) |
| Services employment | ~30% of workforce |
| IT + BPM GVA share (FY23) | 10.9% vs 6.3% (FY13) |
| IT services CAGR FY13–FY23 | 12.8% |
| Telecom subscribers | 1.18 billion |
| 5G coverage | 779 districts |
| BharatNet Gram Panchayats connected | 2.14 lakh |
| Real estate sales H1 FY25 | 11-year high |
| Tourism GDP contribution (FY23) | 5% |
| Railway freight growth | 5.2% (FY24) |
Services sector is India’s competitive advantage — English language proficiency, technical education, and time zone positioning (overlap with both European and US business hours) have made India the world’s largest IT services exporter.
Chapter 7 — Infrastructure Development
Physical Infrastructure
| Sector | Key Data |
|---|---|
| Railways | 2,031 km commissioned (Apr–Nov 2024); 17 new Vande Bharat trains |
| National Highways | 6,215 km constructed (Bharatmala Pariyojana) |
| Aviation | 619 UDAN air routes (Regional Connectivity Scheme) |
| Ports | Vadhavan Mega Port launched (Maharashtra) |
| Power | Total installed: 456.7 GW; Renewable: 209.4 GW (47%) |
| Supercritical coal plants | 65,290 MW |
| Digital | 5G in 779 districts; 2.14 lakh GPs on BharatNet |
| Housing | 1.18 crore PMAY houses sanctioned |
| Water | 15.3 crore households (79.1%) under Jal Jeevan Mission |
| Sanitation | 3.64 lakh ODF Plus villages |
| Space assets | 56 active Indian space assets |
Capital Expenditure: The government’s capex CAGR of 38.8% between FY20–FY24 represents the single most significant macro policy shift of the decade — public investment crowding in private investment and building long-term productive capacity.
National Infrastructure Pipeline (NIP): Rs 111 lakh crore planned investment in infrastructure over FY20–FY25; includes roads, railways, power, urban, rural, digital.
Chapter 8 — Employment and Labour Market
Key Employment Statistics
| Indicator | Value | Period |
|---|---|---|
| Unemployment rate | 6% | 2017–18 |
| Unemployment rate | 3.2% | 2023–24 (significant improvement) |
| Labour Force Participation Rate (LFPR) | 60.1% | Current |
| Female LFPR | 23.3% | 2017–18 |
| Female LFPR | 41.7% | 2023–24 (PLFS) |
| — Rural female LFPR | 47.6% | FY24 (vs 24.6% in FY18) |
| — Urban female LFPR | 30.5% | FY24 (vs 23.8% in FY18) |
| Self-employment share | 58.4% | — |
| Regular wage jobs | 21.7% | — |
| EPFO net payroll additions | 61 lakh | FY19 |
| EPFO net payroll additions | 131 lakh | FY24 (more than doubled) |
Female LFPR rise — from 23.3% (FY18) to 41.7% (FY24) — is a 18.4 percentage point increase in 6 years, described as “extraordinary in international comparison.” Primary driver: rural female self-employment and agricultural work. Caveat: much of the rural increase is in unpaid family labour and subsistence farming — quality of employment (wages, contract security) remains to be addressed.
Demographic dividend:
- Working-age population (15–59): 923.9 million (2026 projection)
- Youth (aged 10–24): 26% of population
- India adds ~12 million new workers to the labour force annually
- Challenge: creating adequate quality jobs for this annual cohort
Startups with women directors: 73,151 — reflecting growing female entrepreneurship under Startup India.
Chapter 9 — Social Sector Spending
| Indicator | Value |
|---|---|
| Total social sector spending FY25 | Rs 25.7 lakh crore |
| Social sector CAGR (FY21–FY25) | 15% |
| Education spending | Rs 9.2 lakh crore (12% CAGR) |
| Healthcare spending | Rs 6.1 lakh crore (+18% growth) |
| Ayushman Bharat PM-JAY savings | Rs 1.25 lakh crore (by beneficiaries) |
Inequality — Gini Coefficient
| Area | 2022–23 | 2023–24 | Trend |
|---|---|---|---|
| Rural | 0.266 | 0.237 | Declining (improving equality) |
| Urban | 0.314 | 0.284 | Declining (improving equality) |
Bottom of the pyramid improvement:
- Bottom 5% rural consumption growth: +22%
- Bottom 5% urban consumption growth: +19%
This suggests welfare schemes and rural development spending are reaching the most vulnerable — the Survey uses this as evidence that India’s growth is becoming more inclusive.
Chapter 10 — Climate Change, Energy, and Environment
This chapter, released separately by PIB on January 31, 2025, covers India’s climate performance and the tension between energy security and clean energy transition.
India’s Clean Energy Progress
| Indicator | Value | Notes |
|---|---|---|
| Non-fossil fuel power capacity | 2,13,701 MW = 46.8% of total | As of November 30, 2024 |
| NDC target by 2030 | 50% non-fossil fuel | India on track |
| Total installed capacity | 456.7 GW | |
| Renewable energy capacity | 209.4 GW | Solar + Wind + Hydro + Other |
| Net-zero target year | 2070 | Under Paris Agreement |
Carbon Sinks
| Indicator | Value |
|---|---|
| Carbon sink created (2005–2023) | 2.29 billion tonnes CO₂ equivalent |
| NDC carbon sink target by 2030 | 2.5–3 billion tonnes |
| MISHTI mangroves restored | 22,560 hectares |
| MISHTI states/UTs | 13 |
Climate Finance — The Global Gap
| Indicator | Value |
|---|---|
| NCQG (COP29) mobilisation target by 2035 | USD 300 billion/year |
| Actual global climate finance need by 2030 | USD 5.1–6.8 trillion |
| India’s climate adaptation spending FY22 | 5.6% of GDP (vs 3.7% in FY16) |
| India’s Sovereign Green Bonds (FY24) | USD 20,000 crore |
| PM Surya Ghar rooftop solar installed | 7 lakh systems |
| PM Surya Ghar target | 1 crore households |
| LiFE savings by 2030 (projected) | USD 440 billion globally |
| AMRUT 2.0 water body projects | 3,078 approved |
COP29 Context: The New Collective Quantified Goal (NCQG) agreed at COP29 Baku was USD 300 billion/year from developed nations to developing nations — far below the USD 5.1–6.8 trillion that the Survey identifies as actually needed. India has been a vocal critic of this gap.
Energy Transition — Policy Recommendations
The Survey recommends:
- Invest in grid infrastructure — transmission and distribution upgrades for renewable integration
- Secure critical minerals — lithium, cobalt, nickel for battery storage
- Promote Advanced Ultra Super Critical (AUSC) coal — as bridge technology alongside clean energy
- R&D in battery storage and recycling — especially for solar panel end-of-life management
- Enhance Energy Conservation Codes — expand ECSBC to include green building standards
- Transform Mission LiFE into mass movement via school and college curricula
Mission LiFE (Lifestyle for Environment): India-led global movement promoting sustainable consumption. PM Modi launched it at COP26 Glasgow. Key campaigns under it: Ek Ped Maa Ke Naam (tree plantation).
Schemes for Climate Action
| Scheme | Focus |
|---|---|
| Mission LiFE | Sustainable consumption behaviour change |
| MISHTI | Mangrove restoration (22,560 ha; 13 states) |
| PM Surya Ghar Muft Bijli Yojana | Rooftop solar (target: 1 crore households) |
| AMRUT 2.0 | Urban water infrastructure + water bodies |
| Swachh Bharat Mission Phase II | Sanitation + ODF Plus |
| National Adaptation Plan (NAP) | Climate adaptation framework |
| Green Credit Rules | Voluntary environmental conservation |
Chapter 11 — India and AI: Labour in the Age of Artificial Intelligence
The Survey includes a dedicated chapter on AI’s impact on the labour market — an unusual addition that reflects the urgency of the challenge.
| Indicator | Value | Source |
|---|---|---|
| Global jobs at risk from AI | 75 million | ILO 2024 |
| Full-time roles exposed to AI | 300 million | Goldman Sachs |
| India AI market growth by 2027 | 25–35% CAGR | NASSCOM |
| AI data centre energy demand | = India’s current total electricity (1,580 TWh) | Bloomberg 2024 |
India’s AI opportunity:
- India could add USD 450–500 billion to GDP from AI (McKinsey estimates)
- Data labelling and AI services are a new export category
- IndiaAI Mission: Government’s framework for responsible AI development
India’s AI risk:
- IT/BPO low-value processes (data entry, basic coding, customer service) most vulnerable to automation
- Banking, insurance, and legal industries face AI disruption in routine tasks
- Deepfakes and disinformation risks require regulatory frameworks
Survey recommendations on AI:
- Upskill workforce in AI collaboration (not just AI operation)
- Establish regulatory oversight for high-risk AI applications
- Develop “human-AI collaboration” frameworks in key sectors
- Monitor energy demand from AI data centres
India’s Path to Viksit Bharat 2047
The Economic Survey situates all its analysis within India’s overarching development aspiration: becoming a “Viksit Bharat” (Developed India) by 2047 — the centenary of independence.
What Viksit Bharat requires:
- Growth: 8%+ annual GDP growth sustained over two decades
- Jobs: Formalisation of employment; quality job creation beyond IT sector
- Equity: Convergence of state per-capita incomes; urban-rural gap reduction
- Capacity: Manufacturing scale-up to 20%+ of GDP; services diversification beyond IT
- Sustainability: Net-zero by 2070; climate-resilient agriculture; clean energy transition
- Institutions: Rule of law; ease of doing business; effective social protection
Key macro targets (Survey):
- India GDP: USD 5 trillion by FY28; USD 6.3 trillion by FY30
- Nominal GDP growth: 10.2% annually to FY30
- FDI: Sustained inflows > USD 100 billion/year
- Exports: USD 1 trillion by FY27 (goods + services)
UPSC Relevance
Prelims: Economic Survey tabled January 30, 2026; CEA V. Anantha Nageswaran; India Real GDP FY26: 7.4%; GVA FY25: 6.4%; CPI Inflation Apr–Dec 2025: 1.7%; Forex Reserves USD 701.4 billion (11 months); CAD Q2 FY26 ~1.3% of GDP; Gross NPA 2.2% (vs 11.5% in 2017-18); Credit Growth 14.5% YoY; Services exports USD 387.6 billion (all-time high); Remittances FY25 USD 135.4 billion (world’s largest); PLI: Rs 2L crore investment + Rs 18.7L crore output + 12.6L jobs; Female LFPR FY24: 41.7% (vs 23.3% FY18); Unemployment 3.2% (FY24) vs 6% (FY18); Non-fossil fuel power capacity: 46.8% (NDC target 50%); Carbon sink: 2.29 billion tCO₂; Mission LiFE; MISHTI; PM Surya Ghar; IBC 2016; PLFS (Periodic Labour Force Survey); NSO First Advance Estimate.
Mains GS-3: India’s macro framework (growth-inflation-fiscal-external stability nexus); services exports as growth engine; banking NPA turnaround (role of IBC); PLI scheme assessment; female LFPR — drivers and quality concerns; demographic dividend and employment challenge; climate-energy nexus (India NDC commitments, COP29 NCQG gap, Mission LiFE); AI and labour markets.
📌 Facts Corner — Knowledgepedia
Economic Survey 2025-26 — Core Data:
- Tabled: January 30, 2026 | By: CEA V. Anantha Nageswaran, Ministry of Finance
- India Real GDP FY26: 7.4% | GVA: 7.3% | FY27 projection: 6.8–7.2%
- For Viksit Bharat by 2047: Needs 8%+ annual GDP for 2 decades
- Global comparison: India fastest-growing major economy (3rd consecutive year)
Inflation:
- CPI Apr–Dec 2025: 1.7% (historic low)
- Core inflation: 10-year low | Food inflation: primary residual concern
- RBI FY26 inflation target: 4.2%
External Sector:
- Forex Reserves: USD 701.4 billion (11 months import cover)
- CAD Q2 FY26: ~1.3% of GDP (healthy)
- Total Exports FY25: USD 825.3 billion (+6.1%)
- Services Exports: USD 387.6 billion (+13.6%; all-time high)
- Remittances FY25: USD 135.4 billion (world’s largest)
- FDI Apr–Nov 2025: USD 64.7 billion (+17.9%)
- India’s global services rank: 7th (4.3% of global services exports)
Banking:
- Gross NPA (Sept 2025): 2.2% (vs 11.5% in 2017-18)
- Net NPA: 0.5% | Credit Growth: 14.5% | RoE: 14.1%
- RBI Financial Inclusion Index: 64.2 (2024) vs 53.9 (2021)
- IPO fundraising FY25: Rs 1.53 lakh crore (tripled)
Agriculture:
- Growth FY25: 3.8% | Share of GDP: 16% | Employment: 46.1%
- KCC: 7.75 crore accounts | PMGKAY beneficiaries: 80 crore
- Two-thirds of India’s farmland at severe drought risk
Industry & PLI:
- Smartphones manufactured domestically: 99%
- PLI investment: Rs 2.0 lakh crore | Output: Rs 18.7 lakh crore | Jobs: 12.6 lakh
- India patent rank (WIPO 2022): 6th | Resident filings: 55.2% (majority)
- R&D spending: 0.64% of GDP (needs to rise significantly)
Employment:
- Unemployment FY24: 3.2% (vs 6% in FY18)
- Female LFPR FY24: 41.7% (vs 23.3% in FY18) — +18.4 pp in 6 years
- Rural female LFPR: 47.6% | Urban: 30.5%
- EPFO net additions FY24: 131 lakh (vs 61 lakh in FY19)
- Working-age population (15–59): 923.9 million (2026 projection)
Inequality:
- Rural Gini: 0.237 (FY24) vs 0.266 (FY23) — improving
- Urban Gini: 0.284 (FY24) vs 0.314 (FY23) — improving
- Bottom 5% rural consumption: +22% | Bottom 5% urban: +19%
Climate & Energy:
- Non-fossil fuel capacity: 46.8% of total (NDC target: 50% by 2030)
- Total power capacity: 456.7 GW | Renewables: 209.4 GW
- Carbon sink (2005–2023): 2.29 billion tonnes CO₂ (target: 2.5–3 bn by 2030)
- Net-zero target: 2070
- COP29 NCQG: USD 300 billion/year vs actual need: USD 5.1–6.8 trillion
- MISHTI mangroves restored: 22,560 hectares (13 states/UTs)
- PM Surya Ghar installations: 7 lakh | Target: 1 crore households
- India climate adaptation spending FY22: 5.6% of GDP (vs 3.7% in FY16)
- India Sovereign Green Bonds (FY24): Rs 20,000 crore
AI & Labour:
- Global jobs at risk (AI): 75 million (ILO) | Exposed full-time roles: 300 million (Goldman Sachs)
- India AI market growth by 2027: 25–35% CAGR (NASSCOM)
Social Sector:
- Total social sector spending FY25: Rs 25.7 lakh crore (+15% CAGR FY21–FY25)
- Ayushman Bharat PM-JAY savings to beneficiaries: Rs 1.25 lakh crore
- Jal Jeevan Mission: 79.1% of households covered
Infrastructure:
- Railways commissioned (Apr–Nov 2024): 2,031 km | New Vande Bharat trains: 17
- NH construction (Bharatmala): 6,215 km
- UDAN air routes: 619 | 5G coverage: 779 districts
Other Key Facts:
- CEA: V. Anantha Nageswaran (appointed January 2022)
- Economic Survey first tabled independently: 1964 (separated from Budget)
- IBC 2016: Key enabler of banking NPA resolution; Rs 3+ lakh crore recovered
- PLFS: Annual survey by NSO/MOSPI tracking employment indicators
- NSO First Advance Estimate released in January — before full-year actuals
- MSME employment: 23.24 crore people | Share of exports: ~50%
- India holds 1st position globally in remittance receipts
Sources: PIB Economic Survey Climate Chapter, Drishti IAS Economic Survey Analysis, Ministry of Finance